Types of Tense (Tense के प्रकार)

Types of Tense in Hindi / Types of Tense in English Grammar

Tenses are very important and play a crucial role in the English language. A tense denotes the time an action takes place, whether sometime in the past, in the present or will take some time in the future.

There are three type of tenses, which are subdivided again to frame the sentences in different periods of time and in various contexts.

Tense क्या होता है? (What is tense in Hindi?)

Tense का मतलब होता है time. समय के साथ हम अपनी बातों को इंग्लिश भाषा में कहने के लिए tense का इस्तेमाल करते हैं. इसके उपयोग से ही हम किसी घटना को उसके होने के समय के साथ दर्शा सकते हैं और समझा सकते हैं. 

स्कूली छात्रों के लिए Tenses बहुत महत्वपूर्ण होते हैं और उनकी पढ़ाई का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा होते हैं, जिसे आप जानबूझकर भी नकार नहीं सकते. मुख्य रूप से देखा जाए तो Tense तीन प्रकार के होते हैं: 

1. Present Tense वर्तमान काल: (कार्य हो रहा है) – Today – इसके अंतर्गत कार्य का बोध अभी से होता है ना कि आने वाले कल से और ना ही बीते हुए कल से होता है.
2. Past Tense भूतकाल – Past Tense (कार्य समाप्त हो गया है) – Yesterday – इसके अंतर्गत कार्य का बोध कल से होता है ना कि आने वाले कल से और ना ही अभी से होता है.
3. Future Tense भविष्य काल – Future Tense (कार्य होने वाला है) – Tomorrow – इसके अंतर्गत कार्य का बोध आने वाले कल से होता है ना कि अभी और ना ही बीते हुए कल से होता है. 

हर Tense के चार रूप होते हैं:

1. Present Tense

• Present Indefinite Tense / Simple Present Tense
• Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2. Past Tense

• Past Indefinite Tense / Simple Past Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3. Future Tense

• Future Indefinite Tense / Simple Future Tense
• Future Continuous Tense
• Future Perfect Tense
• Future Perfect Continuous Tense

इस तरह कुल मिलाकर 12 Tenses होते हैं.

Types of Tense (Tense के प्रकार)

Tense के प्रकार नीचे दिए गए चित्र में दर्शाया गया है |

Types of Tense

Types of tense with example

Explanation	Present	Past	Future
	Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
Action that takes place once, never or several times	He plays cricket every Tuesday.	He played cricket every Tuesday.	He will play cricket every Tuesday.
Actions that happen one after another	He plays cricket and then he goes home.	He played cricket and then he went home.	He will play cricket and then he will go home.
State	He loves cricket.	He loved cricket.	He will love cricket.
	Present Continuous	Past Continuous	Future Continuous
Action going on at that moment	He is playing cricket.	He was playing cricket.	He will be playing cricket.
Actions taking place at the same time	He is playing cricket and she is watching.	He was playing cricket and she was watching.	He will be playing cricket and she will be watching.
	Present Perfect Simple	Past Perfect Simple	Future Perfect Simple
Action taking place before a certain moment in time; emphasizes the result	He has won five matches so far.	He had won five matches until that day.	He will have won five matches by then.
	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	Future Perfect Continuous
Action taking place before a certain moment in time (and beyond), emphasizes the duration	He has been playing cricket for ten years.	He had been playing cricket for ten years.	He will have been playing cricket for ten years.